The foundation is an important part of the building, which is also its supporting design and takes on all the main loads from other structures that lie above.
Concrete, as a rule, that material from which the foundation itself is made. This is because it has the highest reliability in conjunction with strength, as well as durability. The main minus of concrete, as the building material of the foundation, is the fact that if moisture falls into it, then the processes of destruction in concrete are sharply accelerated. In turn, this leads to a decrease in the use of the building, its «life cycle».
Clay, water, sand, earth — components of any soil, the degree of presence and place of accumulation of which must be taken into account when pouring the foundation. For example, if there are groundwater at the future place of the foundation, then this fact greatly adds difficulty in work, so it is necessary to remove the soil and fill up with a more dense flooring. And then, as a rule, they do in this way: they do not deepen the filling of the foundation below the level of detected groundwater, but this often leads to the fact that the water, frozen with severe frosts, pushes our foundation, and this leads to serious problems. And only one conclusion suggests itself, to carry out thorough waterproofing of the foundation from ground and wastewater.
Cly, crushed stone, as well as sand helps to protect themselves from groundwater. More precisely, their special pillows (a layer of crushed stone or sand with a thickness of 15 centimeters). They are used to create a special layer of porous material (it quickly removes moisture from concrete). Very often, add -on, as an addition, layers of steel, concrete, which are waterproofing, as a complement. Wall waterproofing is carried out only after laying the foundation. This type of waterproofing is carried out in order to protect the walls from wastewater, which often penetrate into various cracks in concrete and gradually destroy it.
Galvanized steel sheets, roofing material: examples of waterproofing materials that use to protect the foundation from wastewater. You need to do this: make a groove around the foundation, put a clay layer or steel on the bottom, and then they pour small crushed stone so that it covers the entire surface. And, as we see, it turned out a certain shell around our foundation through which moisture goes into the ground.
Important: when wooden logs are used as a foundation pile, then they need to be protected from moisture. To do this, they are wrapped in roofing material, sprinkled with a layer of crushed stone or poured with a solution.
When we make waterproofing, we should not forget about the basement (part of the foundation that is above the ground), and even more to devote time to its upper part, where we will lay the walls. It is done as follows: the formwork of the walls, which is covered with a steel collar (hangs 50 mm, with a slope, so that moisture flows).
Funds in the foundation are special places through which ventilation from the basements of different types. Also outlets are peculiar sources of fairly warm air. In the winter, they must be closed in order to eliminate unnecessary glaciations and stresses inside the foundation.